Lesson1 A puma at large
课文精讲
1 puma 美洲狮
2 spot 看出，发现　同义词: see,catch sight of , pick out , recognize
3 hunt 追捕，追猎
hunt for
run after追求
seek / pursuade追寻
chase追赶
search搜寻某处为找到某物
4 corner使走投无路
5 trail　n.一串，一系列　v.follow
6 cling : hold tightly粘
cling to 粘在.....上
stick 粘住 stick to坚持 sticky 粘的
cling--clung--clung
7 convince 使确信, 使明白
convince ** ( of sth ) make ** feel certain ,cause ** to realize
confirm : provide evidence for the truth or correctness of ( a report, an opinion,etc) ; establish the truth of 证实，证明（报告，意见）的正确性，确认
8 somehow : by some means , in some way, for some reason unknow somewhat : a little
9 at large : (1)(of a crimial , animal) free , not confirmed
(2) in great detail , throughly
(3)（用于名词后）as a whole, in gernal
10 on the spot （1）马上，立刻 （2）在场，在现场
11 assemble 聚集,把某些人召集在一起
hoard 大量的贮存
amass 积聚 ( 主要用于诗和文学作品中)
12 take sth seriously 认真对待
13 leave behind (1) cause (signs of one's actions,an event,etc) to remain
(2) fail or forget to bring or take
14 complain of 抱怨
15 in the possession of / in possession of 为(某人)所有/ (某人) 拥有(某物)
16 feel obliged to investigate感到有必要调查
feel obliged to / be obliged to感到有必要(做某事)
oblige ** (with sth) /oblige ** (by doing sth)
17 go on for several weeks持续好几周
18 in the quiet country在宁静的乡村
补充
19 accumulate : gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of sth ; get sth in this way
20 extraordinary : beyond what is ordinary
extraordinarily : adv.
21 blackberry黑莓
22 print 痕迹
Lesson2 thirteen quals one
课文精讲
1 equal等于
与......相匹敌
be equal to 有能力......
2 raise 筹款,募捐
提高
饲养 供养 种植
招募
提出 发出
3 torchlight 电筒光
4 always
现在进行时与频度副词 always,constantly,continally等搭配表示说话人带有的感情色彩
5 one or another 某种，这样或那样
one reason or another
one way or another
6 get enough money 筹集足够的钱
7 have something done 找某人来做某事
have the church repaired
have the plane repaired
have hair cut
某人所遭受的意外某情况(主语必须是发出动作的人)
He had his wallet stolen.
8 used to 过去常常 ......, 现在已经不再做
9 however用于口语，主要用在句首.
用在作文中，最好用在句中句尾,要用逗号隔开
nevertheless
nonetheless
10 start惊跳,惊吓
11 before ....才
12 armed with 配备上，武装上
armed with the torch
13 recognized ** as 认出某人是
regard ** as / think of ** as 认为某人是 treat ** as 以....待某人 have on ** as把某人尊为
14 night after night 一夜又一夜
day after day year after year week after week bus after bus
15 as well 在句 尾 = too 主要用于肯定句
still用在句首 用逗号隔开, 报是转折表示转折 “虽然如此，但是”
16 get used to ,be used to, get accustomed to, be accustomed to习惯于
get表示渐进的过程 be 表示习惯了的状态
补充
17 in prep.（1）与表示惊奇，恐惧，失望，生气等感情色彩的名词搭配，在句中做状语
in surprise
in anger
in disappoint
in dismay
（2）“以，用”
in English
in red
in ink
（3） 表示状态 、情况、处境
in trouble
in tears
in good/bad order
in good repair
in debt
in good / bad health
in the bad mood
in bed
inpoverty / luxury
in a favor of excitment
18 be grateful for / be thankful for 为......表示感谢
19 take the trouble to do something不辞劳苦地做某事
I am grateful for the trouble you have taken for me.
20 still 作连接副词= just the same ,even though , in spite of that 仍然
yet 但是，然而
It's raining , still I must go out.
This picture is not too vabulable, still I like it.
I have failed, yet I shall try again.
lesson3 An unknown goddness
课文精讲
1 stand = lie, situate(vt.), locate(vt.)
A great tree stands on the mout.
2 for 引导原因状语从句，表示对主句的附加说明和解释
because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因
3 at one time = once 曾经，一度
4enjoyed a high level of civilization享有高度文明
5 with ...
6 beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语，表示被动意义
They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.
房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽.
7 beneath the narrow streets = under the narrow streets
作介词时 beneath = under 在... ... 正下方
under还有" 在进行中" 的意思
under control
under discussion
under repair
below 在下方 强调斜下方
8 be used as / be used to be 把...... 用做为
9 date from / date back to开始于, 起源于
10 happen to (v.) 碰巧
还有两种表达:
It happens / happened that
As it happens / happened that碰巧, 偶然
happen on + n. / pron.偶然发现
11 reconstruct : put together, restore
12 amazed : very much surprised
表示吃惊 的程度 surprised < astonished < amazed < astounded
13 to find ... / to discover ... / to realize ... 发觉.......
14 turn out ( to be)证明是......
还可以用:
It turned out that...据证明
as it turned out正如事后证明或证实的那样, 果不其然
15 rest on = depend on = lean on 倚放, 放置
His hands rested on my shoulder.
16 despite / in spite of 都是prep. 接名词或动名词
17 to one's surprise , with one's surprise 使某人惊讶的是......
不同在: to one's surprise 可做独立状语,而且主语不必是人
with one's surprise 不能独立使用,而且主语必须是人
相同的用法还有 to one's disappointment, to one's satisfaction, to one's delight
to one's dismay;
with one's disappointment,with one's satisfaction, with one's delight, with one's dismay.
18 sacred 神圣的
religious 宗教的, 关于宗教的
frightening令人害怕的
19 conserve = keep from wasted, damaged,lost,destroyed保留
maintain维持, 保养
20 at this distance ( of / in time ) 时隔已久
beforehand = in advance 事先
补充
21 drainage 排水, 放水; 排水系统
drain system 排水系统
22 archaelogist考古学家
23 promontory海角
24 storey 楼层
同音词 story 故事
25 full--length: not shortened; of the expected length
a full--length skirt : a skirt that reaches the anckles
Lesson 4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs
Vocabulary
1 manual: physical <---->mental
2 collar
white collar ( do mental work )
blue collar ( do manual work)
( get) hot under the collar怒气冲天
3 sacrifice 牺牲 : to give up for good purpose
~ one's life for country
~ time
make many ~s
4 privilege : advantage好处
special right特权
sacrifice one's ~
give ** the ~ of doing sth
privileged荣幸的
5 dustman清洁工
6 overalls工作服
7 secrect秘密
keep secrect保密
保密还有3 种说法
(1)It is between you and me.
(2) I'll keep it to myself.
(3) confidential 机密的
in secrect私下里
= secrectly,in private, privately
in the secrect知道内情
8 status = social position社会地位
形近词 statue 雕像,雕塑
课文精讲
1 people who do manual work =>blue-collar worker
people who work in offices, people who do mental work =>white-collar worker
2 far more money多许多钱
far =much副词, 起加强语气的作用
3 refer to ... as = regard ... as 把......看作 / 称作为
I always refer to him as a bookworm.
4 for the simple reason =>for引导原因状语从句
for the reason that 比because正式, for the reason that 多用于正式语句, 而because 多用在口语中
5 human nature人性
6 such...that...
that引导同位语从句,进一步补充说明 such的涵义
Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
7 be willing to = be ready to心甘情愿做 ......
8 give rise to, lead to,cause=result in 引起，惹起
The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes.
9 in case of万一, 以防
in the case of 至于,就......而言
Stealing is no shame in case of him.
You should ensure your house in case of fire.
10 too embrassed to say太尴尬而没有说明
=be ashamed of
10 get married
marry v. 强调动作时
He married the girl.
表示状态 get / be married
表达“和某人结婚已经多长时间了” be married to **
11 simply = only, just, ...and no more. adv.修饰 told
12 dressed in a smart black suit 形容词短语表达一种状态
= wearing a smart black suit
13 changed （back) into 换上，（换回）
14 Before returning home = Before he returned home
如果运用动名词形式，动名词的主语必须是主句的主语
15 she never will = she will never discover the secrect.
在省略句中never 用在助动词前
16 half as much as 是......的一半多
half / a quarter/ three times as ... as ...
... as +(adj. / adv.)+ as ...是......的几倍
... times + (adj.的比较级/ adv.的比较级）比......多几倍
17 is well worth the loss of money
well 起加强语气作用, 修饰 worth
Difficulties in exercise
1 当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时, 通常放在间接宾语后, say 除外
I explained to him the impossibilty of granting(答应) this request.
He confessed(坦白) to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting.
2 worth + n./ 动名词
His suggestion is worth considering.
3 illustrate 阐释,说明
4 gain获利,赢得(经过努力)
~ time ~reputation
fee(为专业服务支付的)费用
the doctor's fee
the lawer's fee
payment (formal) (商业信贷)付的费用
wages (体力劳动者的)工资
salary (白领阶层的)薪水
5 pay back偿还,报复
reward 酬劳
compensate for = make up for 弥补
more than compensate for = is well worth the loss of
Lesson 5 The Facts
Vocabulary
1 edit v.编辑
edition n编辑
editorial a.编辑的，主编的
n.社论
2 extreme 极端
走极端go to extreme(s)
3 statistics数据
4 journalist报社，杂志社的记者
reporter电视台的记者
correspondent电台记者，通讯员
5 palace宫殿
6 publish = print (vt.) go to press (vi.Phr)
7 fire v.解雇
= dismiss (formal)
= sack ( 俚语)
If you do it wrong again, you'll be sacked .
8 originally最初地，原始地
Text
1 instruct ** to do sth
= tell ** formally to do sth
2 on = about 强调课题更专一
3 When the article arrived
= When the editor received the article
4 refuse to publish it拒绝发表（它）
refuse严厉拒绝
decline婉言拒绝
repudiate(formal)断然拒绝
5 instructing 现在分词做定语，补充说明fax
6 set out to do = decide & try to do
He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years.
set about doing = start doing sth (no passive)
7 take ** a long time to do sth某人花费很长时间做某事
8 two more faxes = another two faxes
9 fail to = couldn't
The journalist failed to reply.
10 reluctantly = unwilling
11 as it had or been written = in its originally way
12 倒装句小结
A not only 位于句首，倒装
not only ...but (also)...
Not only had the poor man been arrested,but he had been sent into prison as well.
B 否定词位于句首，倒装
常用的否定词有 never, seldom. rarely, little,hardly,scarcely, no where,
no sonner
C 含 only 的状语位于句首，倒装
Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.
Only when a great deal more information has been obtained, will it be possible to plan a trip.
D含 not的短语 位于句首，倒装
not for a moment,
not in the least
not for an instant
not until
E 含no的副词短语 位于句首，倒装
at no time
in no way
in no sense
by no means
in no case
on no condition
on no account
under no circumstances
F so ,such位于句首，倒装
13 he had at last been allowed
= he had at last been permitted
= he had asked for pemission
14 while 和现在分词搭配，做时间状语，表示正在做某事的过程中
可用 while引导的时间状语从句替换
He had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps ...
= ... while he was counting ...
15 现在分词
the step leading to the president's palace
16 fifteen-foot 做前置定语， 用单数
Difficulties
倒装句（见课文讲解）
lesson 6 Smash-and-grab

Vocabulary
smash: break sth into pieces violently
The dishes was smashed in the floor.
smash into 猛撞,猛冲.猛击
2 grab:seize suddenly
catch: get hold of sth / ** suddenly and violently
seize 强调抓住抓到的结果
grasp: 掌握
hold:抓牢,抓紧
He grabed me by the arm.
Fear seize her.
3 background背景
on the background of sth
background information
a man of excellent background
4 scramble vi. creep quickly
climb vt.爬
mount vt.登上(山)
5 fantastic: very great
large
wonderful
6 arcade
7 jewellery
8 velvet
9 headlight
10 blare
11 raid
12 ashtray
Text
1 介词短语修饰 shops
The shoe shop in my neighborhood was just opening.
2 同位语从句
Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new display.
3 with 的复合结构 本课重点
A. 宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主谓关系用动词-ing 形式
B.宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系用过去分词形式
C. 描述当时的情况用形容词, 副词，或介词短语. 表示宾语的状况.
D. 表达事情将要发生用动词的不定式 to
eg.
She stood there with her hands resting on her hips.
He ran into the room with his face covered with tears.
With his homework finished he felt happy.
He used to sleep with all windows open.
He went out with his hat on.
With the meeting over, we went home.
He came in with a knife in his hand.
Two others with black stockings over faces jumped out.
With a lot of homework to do, he can't go to the cinema.
with放在句首或句尾, 做状语, 表示行为方式, 原因, 或伴随状况.
with 放在名词后, 修饰限定该名词
eg. a thief with stocking over his face
a room with the windows open
4 come to + n.到达
come to a stop
come to an end
come to a decision
come to an agreement
come to an understanding
come to fame
come to success
5 at
at the butcher's
at the backer's
at the greengrocer's
at the chemist's
6 help oneself to自便
My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.
7 too busy to notice any pain = concentrated one's mind that did not feel any pain
8 at a fantasic speed = at a tremendous speed = at a high( full ) speed = with great speed
9 hunderds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel 价值上百万美元的珠宝
10 前缀构词法 本课重点
(1) dis-
A. dis- + adj.
agreeable --disagreeable content --discontent
graceful ---disgraceful satisfactory ---dissatisfactory
B. dis- + n.
agreement ----disagreement honest ---dishonest
ability ---disability grace ----disgrace
C. dis-表示除去.解除 名词前加上dis-转化为动词
courage --- discourage root --- disroot
mask --- dismask burden --- di**urden
(2) ill-后面接以l开头的形容词
legal --illegal logical -- illogical
literate -- illterate legible -- illegible
(3) im- 后面接以b, m, p, 开头的形容词
mortal -- immortal moral --- immoral
(4) ir-用在以r开头的形容词前
rational -- irrational resistble -- irresistible
(5) in- 用在以其他字母开头的形容词前
correct -- incorrect accurate -- inaccurate
(6) un- 后面接形容词或动词
"不" happy -- unhappy
" 无" condition -- uncondition
表示" 为" 主要用在过去分词前
decided -- undecided finished -- unfinished
用在动词前表示做相反的动作
lock -- unlock tie -- untie pack -- unpack
Difficlties in excersize
1 on one's way to在......的路上
on the way to在......的路上
He is on the way to become a lawer.
= He is on his way to become a lawer.
warn ** out of one's way提醒某人让路
in one's way挡路
2 名词前有修饰词时,修饰词的语序时先形容词后名词
3 speed强调加快动作和工作的进程
speed up
accelerate加速 v.
reverse 倒车 v.
4 overdressed穿着讲究的
5 overlooked俯瞰
6 as it happened这类事的发生
7 hurl用力投掷
8 project发射 = send up